1. Now these are the nations which the Lord left, to test Israel by them (that is, all who had not experienced any of the wars of Canaan;
2. only in order that the generations of the sons of Israel might be taught war, those who had not experienced it formerly).
3. These nations are: the five lords of the Philistines and all the Canaanites and the Sidonians and the Hivites who lived in Mount Lebanon, from Mount Baal-hermon as far as Lebo-hamath.
4. They were for testing Israel, to find out if they would obey the commandments of the Lord, which He had commanded their fathers through Moses.