1. Israel is a luxuriant vine; he yields fruit for himself. The more his fruit increased, the more he made numerous altars. The more his land prospered, the more he improved his stone pillars.
2. Their heart is false; now they must bear their guilt. He himself will break down their altars; he will destroy their stone pillars.
3. For now they will say, “We have no king; indeed, we did not fear Yahweh, and what can a king do for us?”
4. They utter words of vain oaths when making covenants, and judgment blossoms like a poisonous plant on the furrows of the field.